Nocturnal Enuresis: A Synopsis of Behavioral and Pharmacological Management
Javed Ather Siddiqui, Shazia Farheen Qureshi, Adel Allaithy, Talal Abdullah Mahfouz
Sleep and Hypnosis: A Journal of Clinical Neuroscience and Psychopathology 2019;21(1):16-22
Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is involuntary urination that occurs at night during sleep without any inherent suggestion of frequency of bedwetting or pathophysiology. For this review, a thorough internet search was done using the search engines of PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. In this review, we glow the light on new-insights of behavioral treatment of nocturnal enuresis. The management of nocturnal enuresis has converted from a strictly psychopathological perspective to a bio-behavioral perspective in the past few decades. There are a number of treatment options are available for NE; such as drug therapy, bladder training, auro therapy, positive reinforcement, and the enuresis night alarm. Enuresis night alarm therapy, is presenting lower rates of relapse in the long term, higher cure rate and therefore being considered a gold standard treatment for enuresis, but it is a conditional treatment; it requires patience, persistence and motivation. Several behavioral approaches can be used for treatment such as enuresis night alarm therapy and various skills oriented components, we must do physical examination and rule out a specific medical or organic etiology, as well as urine test should be negative.
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