E-ISSN: 2458-9101
Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory for Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility with African American College Students
Ling-Lun (Crystal) Chien,Marty Sapp
Sleep and Hypnosis: A Journal of Clinical Neuroscience and Psychopathology 2012;14(1-2):13-19
Hypnotizability is not an all-or-nothing construct; rather, it is an individual’s reactions to being hypnotized, and this may fall on a continuum (1). In addition, even thought hypnotizability is relatively stable, it is also influenced by the client’s rapport with the hypnotherapist, the client’s expectations and beliefs, and other social or psychological factors (2). The purpose of this project focused on assessing hypnotizability by using the HGSH:A with African American college students. By analyzing Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A) by both Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory, results from both measurement models were consistent. Both measurement models indicated that items 2 (eye closure) and 7 (moving hand together) were good items, and item 9 (experiencing of a fly) and 11 (post-hypnotic suggestion) were bad items for this African American College student sample. Based on the eleven variables of HGSHS:A, through principal components analysis, there were three factors: direct suggestion, motor challenge, and perceptual cognitive. However, the reliability of this study was low which may due to African American college students appear to have expectancies for hypnotic responding to was to occur without using techniques to assist responding such as imagining and thinking along with suggestions.
Keywords: Hypnotizability, African American college students, cultural differences
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